Normal age- and sex-based values of right ventricular free wall and four-chamber longitudinal strain by speckle-tracking echocardiography: from the Copenhagen City heart study
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Key result
Healthy women show ~2% greater absolute RVFWLS than men.
- P<0.001
- n=2,951
Why the study?
To promote the implementation of right ventricular longitudinal strain in clinical practice by proposing normal values for RV free wall and four-chamber longitudinal strain and investigating associations with clinical and echocardiographic parameters.
What are the normal age- and sex-based values of right ventricular free wall and four-chamber longitudinal strain by speckle-tracking echocardiography in the general population?
Population
2951 participants from the general population in the 5th Copenhagen City Heart Study
Design
Prospective cohort study
Authors
Discussion
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Implication
May support sex-specific RV strain norms in echo reporting; leaves open validation for risk stratification.
Study Design
Type
Cohort (n=2,951)
Multicenter
No
Structured PICO
What are the normal age- and sex-based values of right ventricular free wall and four-chamber longitudinal strain by speckle-tracking echocardiography in the general population?
P
Population
2,951 participants from the 5th Copenhagen City Heart Study (2011-2015), including 1,297 without cardiovascular disease or risk factors (median age 44, 63% female) and 1,531 with cardiovascular disease.
I
Intervention
Assessment of right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain (RVFWLS) and four-chamber longitudinal strain (RV4CLS) using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography.
O
Outcome
Normal values for RVFWLS and RV4CLS and their association with clinical and echocardiographic parameters.surrogate
Main Result
Absolute Event Rate: -27.5% vs -25.4%
p-value: p=<0.001
This study establishes normal age- and sex-based reference values for right ventricular longitudinal strain using speckle-tracking echocardiography, highlighting significant sex differences.
Limitations
- Only one type of software and ultrasound vendor was used, which may affect generalizability due to inter-vendor variability.
- Substantial number of missing RV strain measurements due to poor image quality.
- Predominantly homogeneous, Caucasian population limits generalizability to other ethnicities.
Cite This Study
Espersen et al. (2023) conducted a cohort in Healthy general population (n=2,951). Female sex vs. Male sex was evaluated on Right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain (RVFWLS) (p=<0.001). In a healthy general population sample, women had significantly higher absolute values of right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain compared to men (-27.5% vs. -25.4%, p<0.001).
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