Key result
TGF-beta1 is hyperexpressed in hypertension, and its plasma levels are significantly reduced by AT1R antagonism and ACE inhibitors in hypertensive patients with microalbuminuria and LV hypertrophy.
Why the study?
Do AT1R antagonists and ACE inhibitors reduce TGF-beta1 levels in hypertension?
Do AT1R antagonists and ACE inhibitors reduce TGF-beta1 levels in hypertension?
TGF-beta1 is overexpressed in hypertension and associated with target organ damage, and its levels can be reduced by AT1R antagonists and ACE inhibitors.
AT1R antagonists and ACE inhibitors may lower TGF-beta1 in select patients; leaves open its value as a therapeutic target or biomarker.
Discordant findings are reported on the left ventricular transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) mRNA levels in various rat models. Left ventricular TGF-beta(1) mRNA levels did not differ between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normal rats, between deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-salt and sham-operated hypertensive rats, but were increased in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and in post-myocardial infarction (MI) rats. Renal cortical TGF-beta(1) mRNA levels were, however, higher in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor antagonism (AT(1)R) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (ACEI) decreased left ventricular and vascular smooth muscle TGF-beta(1) mRNA levels in SHR and renal TGF-beta(1) mRNA in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats and in SHRSP. In post-MI rats ventricular TGF-beta(1) mRNA decreased by AT(1)R antagonism. In essential hypertensive patients, TGF-beta(1) protein as well as TGF-beta(1) mRNA levels are hyperexpressed. The TGF-beta(1) overproduction in hypertension can be attributed to various factors such as elevated angiotensin II, increased systemic blood pressure (BP) per se, increased fluid shear stress and a differential expression of TGF-beta(1) linked to DNA polymorphism in the promoter. The Arg(25) polymorphism in the TGF-beta(1) gene is associated with higher BP. A higher plasma TGF-beta(1) concentration is found in hypertensive patients with microalbuminuria and left ventricle hypertrophy. In these patients, AT(1)R antagonism and ACEI reduced these plasma TGF-beta(1) levels significantly.
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Paul Lijnen (2003) conducted a review in Hypertension. AT1R antagonism and ACEI was evaluated on TGF-beta1 mRNA and protein levels. TGF-beta1 is hyperexpressed in hypertension, and its plasma levels are significantly reduced by AT1R antagonism and ACE inhibitors in hypertensive patients with microalbuminuria and LV hypertrophy.
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