Left Atrial Dysfunction in Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. The figure shows representative example of LA CMR feature tracking in both 2-chamber and 4-chamber cines in a healthy control (A1-4), SAHCM (B1-4) and TAHCM (C1-4) people. LA endocardial contour was manually delineated both at the phase of the LV end-diastolic and LV end-systolic. LA volume curve (D) shows the LA maximum volume (Vmax), the precontraction volume (Vpre-a) and the minimum volume (Vmin). LA strain curve (E) shows εs (first strain peak), εa (second strain peak), and εe (difference between εs and εa). LA strain rate curve (F) shows SRs (positive strain rate peak), SRe (first negative strain rate peak) and SRa (second negative strain rate peak). 2ch indicates 2 chamber; 4ch, 4 chamber; ED, end-diastolic; ES, end-systolic; εs, total strain; εe, passive strain; εa, active strain; SRs, total strain rate; SRe, passive strain rate; SRa, active strain rate.

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  FIGURE 2. This figure illustrates representative cases in a healthy control (blue line), a participant with subclinical apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (SAHCM, green line) and a participant with typical apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (TAHCM, orange line). LA reservoir (εs, SRs) and conduit (εe, SRe) were lower in HCM participants, compared with healthy control. εs indicates total strain; εe, passive strain; SRs, total strain rate; SRe, passive strain rate; SRa, active strain rate.

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  FIGURE 3. This figure show correlation of LA functional parameters with LV functional parameters. By considering all study participants, there was moderate correlation between SRe and LVCI. A negative correlation between SRe with LVMASSi and LVMWT. LVCI indicates left ventricle cardiac index; LVMASSi, left ventricle mass index; LVMWT, left ventricle maximal wall thickness; SRe, passive strain rate.