Intravenous Landiolol for Rate Control in Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. PRISMA 2020 flow diagram.

• 

  Figure 2. Forest plot of the mean heart rate reduction achieved with landiolol administration. Green dots represent the mean HR decrease of each study. The black diamond represents the overall mean HR reduction from all included studies [18,19,20,21,24,26,27,28,29,32,33].

• 

  Figure 3. (A) Forest plot of comparison in target HR achievement rates between landiolol and non-landiolol treated groups Blue squares represent the mean Odds ratio for target HR achievement of each study and the black diamond represents the overall pooled Odds ratio for target HR achievement from all the included studies [18,19]; (B) Forest plot of comparison in sinus rhythm restoring rates between landiolol and non-landiolol treated groups. Blue squares represent the mean Odds ratio for SR restoration of each study and the black diamond represents the overall pooled Odds ratio for SR restoration from the included studies [18,19].

• 

  Figure 4. (A) Forest plot of the systolic blood pressure reduction after landiolol treatment. Green squares represent the mean SBP decrease of each study. The black diamond represents the overall mean SBP decrease from the included studies [18,20,24,26,27]; (B) Forest plot of the diastolic blood pressure reduction after landiolol treatment. Green squares represent the mean DBP decrease of each study. The black diamond represents the overall mean DBP decrease from the included studies [18,20,26].

• 

  Figure 5. (A) Forest plot of comparison in the rates of adverse events or subjective symptoms report in landiolol and non-landiolol treated groups. The blue squares represent the Odds ratio of adverse events/subjective symptoms from each study. The black diamond represents the overall pooled Odds ratio of adverse events/subjective symptoms from the included studies [18,19]; (B) Forest plot of comparison in the rates of adverse events leading to drug discontinuation in landiolol and non-landiolol treated groups. The blue squares represent the Odds ratio of adverse events leading to drug discontinuation of each study. The black diamond represents the overall pooled Odds ratio of adverse events leading to drug discontinuation from all included studies [18,19].