Robotic-assisted pediatric lung anatomical resection: A Safe alternative to thoracotomy in children’s complex cases

OBJECTIVES: Thoracoscopy is the gold standard for paediatric lung surgery. However, in patients with prior infections or inflammatory lung disease, conversion rate to open surgery remains high. Optimized technical skills with Robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) may offer technical advantages in complex cases. METHODS: This retrospective multicentre study assessed safety and outcomes of RATS for anatomical lung resection in paediatric patients. we retrospectively collected data from all the French university hospital using robotic platform for lung surgery between 2016 and 2024. The procedures were conducted in collaboration with robotic adult thoracic surgeons. RESULTS: During the study period 687 lung resections were performed in the 3 participating centers. Among them, 30 underwent RATS lung resection, with a median age of 10 years [8.3-13.0], a median weight of 32.5 kilograms (Kg) [27.3-48.8]. No intraoperative complications or conversions to thoracotomy occurred. The overall postoperative complication rate was 33%, mostly minor air leaks and pleural effusions that resolved spontaneously. Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ III) occurred in 10% of cases. Median hospital stay was 5 days. Despite a predominance of chronic inflammatory lung disease and previous infections (conditions typically associated with higher morbidity) the robotic approach maintained acceptable outcomes. Within those patients, three bronchial sleeves were successfully performed. CONCLUSIONS: RATS appears to be a feasible and safe alternative to thoracotomy for paediatric lung resection especially for complex cases. Its enhanced dexterity and three-dimensional visualization facilitate complex dissections and suturing, particularly in inflammatory conditions. The rarity of indications and the limited operative workspace in this population remain challenges, encouraging collaboration with high volume adult robotic thoracic surgeons.