Research Progress on Traditional Chinese Medicine Fumigation in the Treatment of Demodex Blepharitis

Demodex blepharitis is an ocular surface disease caused by Demodex mite infection. In recent years, the incidence rate has been gradually increasing, and severe cases can significantly impact patients' daily lives. Currently, treatment for this condition primarily relies on Western medical approaches such as topical corticosteroids and antibiotics; however, these methods are relatively limited in scope and carry significant side effects. Based on the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)—namely, "clearing heat and draining dampness, dispelling wind, killing parasites, and relieving itching"—this study explores the advantages and future research directions of TCM herbal fumigation therapy for treating demodicosis of the eyelid margin. The analysis covers the TCM pathogenesis and pathomechanism of the condition, an examination of fumigation therapy, the classification of commonly used herbs in herbal fumigation, and recent advances in clinical research.