Research on the Mechanism of Adhesion Force of Ship Icing Based on Ultrasonic Anti-Icing and De-Icing System

The ultrasonic anti-icing and de-icing system applies an electrical field to the ship’s surface to weaken the adhesion between the ice layer and the steel plates, while using ultrasonic vibration to generate longitudinal shear forces that break the remaining adhesion, thereby achieving effective de-icing. This study employs the control variable method to examine how different vibration frequencies and configurations of ultrasonic vibrators (“de-icing formations”) impact the adhesion characteristics of the ice layer covering the hull steel plates. Due to the lack of existing experimental instruments for measuring the adhesion force of ship icing, we designed an intelligent device to test the adhesion force between the ship and the ice layer. This device incorporates high-precision sensors and an advanced data acquisition system, enabling real-time measurement and recording of adhesion force data between icing and the hull steel plates. Using the newly developed JUST flat plate adhesion force testing system, this study evaluates how various distribution strategies of ultrasonic vibrators influence the ice adhesion force. Furthermore, the experiment investigates the de-icing efficiency of ultrasonic vibrators with the same number of but different “de-icing formations” and vibration frequencies under identical conditions of ice thickness, time, and excitation current, and provides a detailed analysis of the variation in ice adhesion force. These results clarify the mechanism by which the ultrasonic system manages the adhesion force of ship icing. This research not only introduces new ideas and methods for ship anti-icing and de-icing technology but also offers a scientific basis for enhancing navigation safety and operational efficiency in icy conditions.