An efficient Ag-phosphonium ionomer interface is discovered in HEMFCs, helping enhance oxygen reduction and improve mass transports simultaneously. As a result, a completely-precious-metal-free HEMFC has been fabricated, which shows a cost-normalized power much higher than that of a Pt-based PEMFC benchmark (117 vs. 7.7 W US$(-1)).
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Gu et al. (2012) studied this question.
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