Recent Advances in Hydrate-Based CO ₂ Capture: Energy Consumption, Cost Analysis, Policy Perspectives, and Machine Learning-Driven Simulation of CO ₂ Hydrate Formation

hydrate formation studies. With special attention to flue gas decarbonization, this paper discusses the challenges faced and the focus areas that need improvement in advancing and scaling up hydrate-based CCUS. The review also provides a systematic approach to understanding the techno-economic aspects of CCUS plants and concisely discusses the technical opportunities and the associated cost dynamics within various CCUS technologies. The review also discusses the integration of hydrate-based capture with broader decarbonization strategies, underscoring the critical role of supportive policies and technological advancements in scaling up these solutions for global impact.