Assessment of salusin alpha and salusin beta levels in patients with newly diagnosed dipper and non-dipper hypertension

Objective The pathophysiology of non-dipper hypertension has not been clarified. The relationship between salusins with atherosclerosis and hypertension has gained attention in recent years. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether salusins are associated with circadian blood pressure, left ventricular mass index, and diastolic functions in newly diagnosed hypertensives.Methods The study included 88 newly diagnosed hypertensive individuals. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and echocardiographic examinations were performed. The patients were assigned to dipper hypertension (n = 41) and non-dipper hypertension (n = 47) groups based on the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring results according to the presence of ≥ a 10% decrease in nighttime blood pressure values or not. Serum salusin α and β levels were determined by electrochemiluminescence immunological test method.Results Compared to dipper hypertension, non-dipper hypertension group demonstrated lower salusin α levels (1818.71 ± 221.67 vs 1963 ± 200.75 pg/mL, p = .002), mitral E/A, septal E’/A’ and higher salusin β levels (576.24 ± 68.15 vs 516.13 ± 90.7 pg/ml, p = .001) and left ventricular mass index. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed salusin-α (OR 0.474, 95% CI 0.262 to 0.986, p = .001), salusin-β (OR 2.550, 95% CI 2.123 to 2.991, p = .018), and left ventricular mass index (OR 2.620, 95% CI 2.124 to 2.860, p = .011) as independent predictors of non-dipper hypertension. As candidate markers to predict non-dipper hypertension, decreased salusin α, and increased salusin β levels may mediate crosstalk between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems and indicate poor cardiovascular prognosis in hypertension.