Advanced Learning Design and Research Guided by Thinking Development: Taking the Exploration and Application of P-v Relationship as an Example

In response to the reality that knowledge transmission and scientific thinking cultivation are disconnected, this study innovatively proposes a “one body with two wings” theoretical framework based on the theory of learning progressions and establishes a four-step progressive learning design of “diagnosing learning situation-building learning paths-driving with questions-and providing evaluation feedback”. Through two empirical cases of error correction in DIS experiments on p-V relationship exploration and unconventional volume measurement, the development path of thinking is made explicit.