A literature review of the pharmacokinetic profiles of 20 commonly prescribed antihypertensive medications for use in chemical adherence testing

Nonadherence to antihypertensive medications is a major concern, with significant implications for healthcare systems and patient outcomes. Chemical adherence testing (CAT) is a recommended method to assess nonadherence objectively by detecting drugs or their metabolites in blood or urine samples. Interpretation of CAT results require relevant pharmacokinetic parameters. However, pharmacokinetic data in established sources are not graded for quality and not compiled into a single resource. We systematically collated and graded the literature on pharmacokinetic parameters for 20 commonly prescribed antihypertensive agents. A total of 53 suitable manuscripts were included. Pharmacokinetic data, including half-life and maximum concentration, were collated. Also, minimum concentration at regular dosing intervals was calculated. This resource allows clinicians and researchers to interpret CAT results with more confidence and accuracy and will help facilitate the interpretation of CAT. It also shows that there are significant gaps in available literature, and further research is needed.