Research on China's Rare Earth High-End Material Exports and Countermeasures Against Technical Trade Barriers

This paper focuses on the increasingly severe challenge of technical barriers to trade (TBT) facing China's exports of high-end rare earth materials. Against the backdrop of the restructuring of the global industrial chain and the accelerated formation of green trade rules, it systematically analyzes the evolution of the global rare earth industry landscape, the strategic layout of major developed countries, and China's countermeasures. The study points out that China, with 40% of global reserves and 69% of global output, dominates the global rare earth market and possesses the most complete industrial chain covering mining, beneficiation, smelting, and processing. However, it still has shortcomings in high-end applications, pricing power, and the formulation of international rules. The United States, Japan, and the European Union impose diversified technical barriers—such as mandatory certification, environmental standards, supply chain reviews, and carbon tariffs—to restrict China's rare earth exports. In response, this paper constructs a “government-industry-enterprise” three-in-one response system: Government: Strengthens the regulation of mineral resources and the formulation of international standardsIndustry: Promotes integrated layout and green and intelligent transformation. Enterprises: Deepen overseas cooperation and technological upgrading. These efforts aim to jointly enhance the resilience of the industrial chain and international discourse power. The research provides systematic policy recommendations for safeguarding national resource security, enhancing industrial chain resilience, and achieving the leap from a major rare earth country to a strong rare earth power. 稀土是新兴产业、未来产业的关键原材料，其供给安全直接关系到国民经济发展与国家安全。当前，全球产业链重构、地缘政治加剧叠加绿色贸易规则，导致中国稀土高端材料出口面临严峻的技术性贸易壁垒挑战。研究指出，中国以40%储量和69%产量主导全球稀土市场，拥有最完整的采选、冶炼、加工产业链，但在高端应用、定价权与国际规则制定方面仍存在短板。美国、日本、欧盟通过强制认证、环保标准、供应链审查、碳关税等多元化技术性壁垒，对中国稀土出口形成制约。针对此，文章构建“政府—产业—企业”三位一体应对体系：政府强化资源管控与国际标准制定，产业推动一体化布局与绿色智能化转型，企业深化海外合作与工艺升级，协同提升产业链韧性与国际话语权。研究旨在为保障国家资源安全、提升产业链韧性、实现从稀土大国向强国跨越提供系统性政策建议。