Key result
Exercise reduces baPWV and lowers SBP by ~6 mmHg in postmenopausal women with elevated BP.
Why the study?
Although cardiovascular benefits of exercise training are well established, the effectiveness of exercise training on arterial stiffness and blood pressure among postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure needed systematic assessment.
Does exercise training reduce arterial stiffness and blood pressure in postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure?
Meta-Analysis (n=1,978)
Does exercise training reduce arterial stiffness and blood pressure in postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure?
Exercise training significantly improves arterial stiffness and reduces blood pressure in postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Supports exercise training in postmenopausal women with elevated BP; confirms meta-analytic reductions in arterial stiffness and systolic pressure.
BACKGROUND: The acute and long-term benefits of exercise training on cardiovascular health have been well established. The systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to systematically assess the effectiveness of exercise training on arterial stiffness and blood pressure among postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov website from inception to September 30, 2023, to identify the randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which evaluated the effectiveness of exercise training on arterial stiffness and blood pressure in postmenopausal women. Standardized mean differences (SMD), weighted mean differences (WMD), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using random/fixed effects models. Quality assessment was performed using the modified Jadad scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted based on drug dosage, treatment duration, and age of administration to further explore potential heterogeneity. Funnel plots were performed to assess publication bias and Begg's regression test was carried out for funnel plot asymmetry. RESULTS: Twenty-two RCTs involving 1978 participants were included in the quantitative analysis. The mean quality of eligible studies was 4.2 out of 7 based on the modified Jadad scale. The results indicated that exercise training had a significant effect on reducing brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity [MD = - 0.69, 95%CI (- 1.11, - 0.27), P = 0.001], decreasing augmentation index (AIx) [MD = - 6.00, 95%CI (- 6.39, - 5.61), P < 0.00001] and AIx normalized to a heart rate of 75 beats per minute (AIx@75%) [MD = - 7.01, 95%CI - 7.91 to - 6.12, P < 0.00001], lowering systolic blood pressure [MD = - 6.19, 95%CI - 9.24 to - 3.15, P < 0.0001], diastolic blood pressure [MD = - 3.57, 95%CI (- 6.10, - 1.03), P = 0.006) and pulse pressure [MD = - 8.52, 95%CI (- 16.27, - 0.76), P = 0.03]. Subgroup analysis revealed that baseline blood pressure levels had a large impact on the effect of exercise training. CONCLUSIONS: The systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that exercise training may ameliorate arterial stiffness and reduce blood pressure in postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure. However, the optimal mode of exercise training that improves arterial stiffness and blood pressure in this population requires further investigation. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42021211268.
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Yang et al. (2024) conducted a meta-analysis in Elevated blood pressure (n=1,978). Exercise training vs. No exercise or sedentary lifestyle was evaluated on Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) (MD -0.69, 95% CI -1.11, -0.27, p=0.001). Exercise training reduced brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and systolic blood pressure compared to control in postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure.
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