Development and validation of the perioperative care and user participation (POUP) questionnaire

Aim To validate a Perioperative User Participation questionnaire (POUP) that measures elective adult surgical patient experiences and evaluation of the significance of selected perioperative care items. Materials and Methods A generic perioperative user involvement questionnaire (POUP) was developed in the form of four psychometric scales based on the Fundamentals of Care (FoC) framework. The POUP is designed to capture patients' perceived and subjective importance of selected items of perioperative care. It was developed in Danish and comprehensive Danish–Norwegian translations were conducted. Face and content validation were conducted involving patients and expert nurses. The relevance of items was assessed by 68 patients, and the internal consistency of the scales was calculated. Results Danish and Norwegian patients assessed the POUP's face validity, and perioperative expert nurses reported no problems in clarity or ambiguity. However, a few reformulations of the questionnaire texts were suggested. None of the questions were reported as irrelevant or difficult to answer nor was any topic reported missing. Patients assessed all items as relevant, and the internal consistency for the three scales was between 0.8 and 0.9, and no differences between countries were found. Conclusion The POUP questionnaire has four scales; the items are valid, but the scales need further statistical validation and refinement. At present, the POUP might provide insight into how elective adult surgical patients value the significance of perioperative care.