Key result
Inflammatory biomarkers are linked to higher PAD severity and adverse cardiovascular and limb events.
Why the study?
Do inflammatory biomarkers provide prognostic value for adverse outcomes and guide therapeutic management in patients with peripheral artery disease?
Do inflammatory biomarkers provide prognostic value for adverse outcomes and guide therapeutic management in patients with peripheral artery disease?
Inflammatory biomarkers may improve risk stratification for cardiovascular and limb events in PAD, supporting the potential use of targeted anti-inflammatory therapies.
Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis characterized by chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and high residual risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and major adverse limb events (MALEs). This review aimed to summarize the prognostic role of inflammatory biomarkers in PAD and to discuss their therapeutic implications. Methods: A comprehensive narrative review was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, focusing mainly on English-language studies published in recent years. Randomized trials, observational studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses evaluating inflammatory biomarkers and anti-inflammatory or vasculoprotective therapies in PAD were included. Results: Both classical and emerging inflammatory biomarkers were associated with PAD severity and adverse outcomes. C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-α, myeloperoxidase, galectin-3, and growth differentiation factor-15 showed prognostic value for MACEs, MALEs, restenosis, amputation, and mortality. Among newer indices, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio, and HALP (Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, and Platelet) score appear especially promising for risk stratification. Anti-inflammatory and pleiotropic therapies, including canakinumab, colchicine, statins, and PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) inhibitors, may help reduce residual inflammatory risk. Conclusions: Inflammatory biomarkers may improve prognostic stratification and support more personalized management in PAD. Their integration into clinical practice could enhance limb preservation and long-term cardiovascular outcomes.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Tudurachi et al. (2026) conducted a review in Peripheral artery disease. Inflammatory biomarkers was evaluated on Prognostic value for MACEs, MALEs, restenosis, amputation, and mortality. Classical and emerging inflammatory biomarkers are associated with peripheral artery disease severity and adverse outcomes, offering prognostic value for major adverse cardiovascular and limb events.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: