Spontaneous Hemorrhagic Rupture of a Pancreatic Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm: A Case Report and Literature Review of Cystic Pancreatic Lesions Presenting with Bleeding or Rupture

Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) are rare cystic tumors of the pancreas that account for approximately 1% of all pancreatic neoplasms.Because their thick fibrous capsule provides structural integrity and resistance to external stress, spontaneous rupture of MCNs is extremely rare.Herein, we report the case of a 46-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain.CT and MRI initially suggested spontaneous rupture of a solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas.The patient underwent distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy and partial gastrectomy, and the final pathological diagnosis confirmed a spontaneous rupture of an MCN.This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of evaluating cystic pancreatic lesions with hemorrhagic complications.In addition, we reviewed the imaging and differentiating features of ruptured pancreatic cystic lesions to improve diagnostic accuracy.