Key result
A computational model of the left ventricle demonstrated that the pacing process and hemodynamic response are significantly influenced by the viscoelastic damping conditions and ventricular dimensions.
This computational model highlights the importance of incorporating viscoelastic damping and ventricular dimensions when studying the hemodynamic response to pacing.
Hypothesis-generating for viscoelastic effects in LV pacing models; requires in vivo validation before clinical consideration.
It is known that the heart interacts with and adapts to its venous and arterial loading conditions. Various experimental studies and modeling approaches have been developed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. This paper presents a model of the left ventricle derived based on nonlinear stress-length myocardial characteristics integrated over truncated ellipsoidal geometry, and second-order dynamic mechanism for the excitation-contraction coupling system. The results of the model presented here describe the effects of the viscoelastic damping element of the electromechanical coupling system on the hemodynamic response. Different heart rates are considered to study the pacing effects on the performance of the left-ventricle against constant preload and afterload conditions under various damping conditions. The results indicate that the pacing process of the left ventricle has to take into account, among other things, the viscoelastic damping conditions of the myofilament excitation-contraction process. The effects of left ventricular dimensions on the hemdynamic response have been examined. These effects are found to be different at different viscoelastic and pacing conditions.
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Karam et al. (2007) studied Left ventricular hemodynamics. Computational model of the left ventricle was evaluated on Hemodynamic response to varying heart rates, viscoelastic damping, and left ventricular dimensions. A computational model of the left ventricle demonstrated that the pacing process and hemodynamic response are significantly influenced by the viscoelastic damping conditions and ventricular dimensions.