Key result
Elevated depressive symptoms linked to ~108% higher diabetes risk over 10 years.
Why the study?
Studies using a symptom-based approach to evaluate emotional disorders and physiological alterations have provided mixed results, prompting investigation into how subclinical depressive and anxious symptoms affect immunometabolic markers and 10-year metabolic disease risk.
Do elevated depressive and/or anxious symptoms increase the risk of developing metabolic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia) in healthy adults?
Cohort (n=615)
Do elevated depressive and/or anxious symptoms increase the risk of developing metabolic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia) in healthy adults?
Effect estimate: OR 2.08 (95% CI 1.00-4.22)
p-value: p=<0.05
Elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety are associated with concurrent inflammatory alterations and a significantly higher risk of developing metabolic diseases like diabetes and hypercholesterolemia over a 10-year period.
Elevated depressive symptoms may flag higher diabetes risk; leaves open whether screening or treatment alters metabolic outcomes.
Background In recent decades, the relationship between emotional disorders (i.e., depression and anxiety) and alterations in physiological functions (i.e., inflammation or metabolism) have been well supported. However, studies on a symptom-based approach have provided mixed results. Our study aims to gain insight into how subclinical statuses, featured by elevated depressive and/or anxious symptoms, may influence immunometabolic alterations in the concurrent relationship; and the development of metabolic diseases at 10-year follow-up: diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Methods Data from 758 Greek adults [394 men (aged 41 ± 10 years) and 364 women (aged 37 ± 12 years)] were used. Four groups were created according to the levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms: (1) control group (CG), (2) depressive group (DG), (3) anxiety group (AG) and (4) depressive and anxiety group (DAG). Multi-indicator multi-causes (MIMIC) modeling was used to estimate metabolic function and inflammatory response scores, on a wide selection of blood biomarkers. Finally, a binary logistic regression was carried out to study the influence of symptoms on the development of the aforementioned metabolic diseases on a 10-year follow-up. Results Group membership was not associated with metabolic function score. Conversely, DAG membership was related with higher inflammatory response score ( B = 0.20, CI 95 = 0.01, 0.40), with respect to the CG ( p < 0.05). Both age and sex were significant variables in the calculation of both scores. Regarding disease at 10-year follow-up effect, risk of developing diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia was associated with age and socioeconomic status. Moreover, DG membership was significant for diabetes risk ( OR = 2.08, CI 95 = 1.00, 4.22) and DAG for hypercholesterolemia ( OR = 1.68, CI 95 = 1.16, 2.43). Limitations Data on anti-inflammatory drugs and psychopharmacological medication were not collected in this study. Conclusions Elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety accounts for inflammatory alterations at concurrent relationship and a higher risk of 10-year follow-up metabolic diseases.
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Sánchez‐Carro et al. (2023) conducted a cohort in Elevated emotional symptoms (n=615). Elevated depressive symptoms vs. Low levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms was evaluated on Development of diabetes at 10-year follow-up (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.00-4.22, p=<0.05). Elevated depressive symptoms increased the risk of developing diabetes (OR 2.08), and comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms increased hypercholesterolemia risk (OR 1.68) over a 10-year follow-up.
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