Incidence and Impact of Myocarditis in Genetic Cardiomyopathies: Inflammation as a Potential Therapeutic Target

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. Graphical representation depicting the structure of the patients included in the study, taking into account the presence of mixed phenotypes.

• 

  Figure 2. Results of morphological study of myocardium in different cardiomyopathies. (a,b) Myocardial changes in HCM in the form of bizarre shape of branching cardiomyocytes, small focal cardiosclerosis with neoangiogenesis, and lymphohistiocytic infiltrates in sclerosis foci; (c,d) myocarditis in HCM with productive capillarites and development of interstitial sclerosis: myocardium is divided by fibrous septa of unequal thickness into lobules, uneven hypertrophy of nuclei, vessels with swollen endothelium, and perivascular accumulations of lymphoid elements are noted, more than 14 in the field of view at high magnification; (e,f) picture of lymphohistiocytic infiltration in ARVC, pronounced total fibrous-fatty replacement of myocardium of LV, the area of preserved myocardium in some areas does not exceed 25%; (g,h) lymphohistiocytic infiltrates perivascularly and in the interstitium (g) in a patient with DCM within laminopathy, fatty tissue replacement of dead cardiomyocytes (h); (i,j) SARS-CoV-2-induced myocarditis in a patient with RCM caused by pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in MyBPC3 and LZTR1 genes: marked lymphohistiocytic infiltration, areas of lipomatosis, dystrophic…

• 

  Figure 3. Titres of anti-cardiac antibodies in different cardiomyopathies, depending on the presence (M+) or absence (M−) of myocarditis; * - p < 0.05.

• 

  Figure 4. Kaplan–Meier curves for different genetic cardiomyopathies, depending on the presence or absence of myocarditis. Red colour—patients with a combination of cardiomyopathy and myocarditis, blue colour—patients with isolated cardiomyopathies.

• 

  Figure 5. Spectrum of genes with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in different cardiomyopathies, depending on the presence (M+) or absence (M−) of myocarditis.

• 

  Figure 6. Frequency of myocarditis in different causes of myocardial hypertrophy syndrome.

• 

  Figure 7. Frequency of superimposed myocarditis, depending on the type of cardiomyopathy.