Concurrent measurements of cerebral blood flow, sodium, lactate, and high‐energy phosphate metabolism using 19F, 23Na, 1H, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

A new NMR technique for nondestructive, noninvasive, nonradioactive concurrent measurements of blood flow and several energy-dependent metabolites were applied to in situ cat brain during high cerebral blood flow states (seizures) and low flow states (carotid occlusion plus hemorrhagic shock). An inductively coupled, quadruple-tuned surface coil with a 50-ohm match at all relevant frequencies was used for both excitation and receiving. A broadband spectometer was used to measure the 31P spectrum (PCr, ATP, Pi, and pH), a water-suppressed 1H spectrum (lactate), 23Na, and 19F (blood flow via CHF3 washout). Each nucleus was excited at an independently determined rate. Sodium, with a short T1, was excited more frequently than phosphorus. The results qualitatively agreed with other techniques. Blood flow greatly increased during seizures with a 10% decrease in the Na signal, minimal lactate accumulation, no pH shift, and a change in the PCr-to-Pi ratio from 3.4 to 1.7. During carotid occlusion plus hypotension blood flow, PCr and ATP decreased to less than 10% of baseline values. Changes in PCr and Pi preceded parallel changes in Na and ATP. These experiments demonstrated the feasibility of concurrent measurements of physiologically induced changes in high-energy phosphates, lactate, sodium, and blood flow from the same volume of brain, in a nondestructive manner using NMR spectroscopy.