What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to clarify how decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure during orthostasis relate to cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients.

September 21, 2013

Systolic and diastolic component of orthostatic hypotension and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients

Puntos clave

This research aims to clarify how decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure during orthostasis relate to cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients.
Prospective assessment of 8788 treated hypertensive patients without prior MI or stroke.
Defined orthostatic hypotension by international consensus criteria measuring SBP and DBP changes during standing.
Analyzed data using Cox regression, adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, cholesterol, and smoking.
12.1% of participants met combined orthostatic hypotension criteria, predicting major cardiovascular events and mortality.
Systolic orthostatic hypotension had a hazard ratio of 1.53 (1.08-2.15, P=0.015) for stroke, while diastolic had a hazard ratio of 2.04 (1.20-3.46, P=0.008) for MI.
The composite endpoint showed a tendency towards significance for both types of hypotension with hazard ratios around 1.24.

Resumen

OBJECTIVE: Impact of SBP vs. DBP decrement during orthostasis on cardiovascular events in hypertension is not clear. METHODS: We assessed prospective association of orthostatic hypotension with mortality and major cardiovascular events myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke among 8788 treated hypertensive patients (52.2% men; mean age 52 years, mean BP 161/99 mmHg) without history of MI or stroke at baseline. Orthostatic hypotension was defined according to combined international consensus criteria, and as either systolic (decrease ≥20 mmHg) or diastolic orthostatic hypotension (decrease ≥10 mmHg). Final Cox regression model was adjusted for age, sex, supine SBP and DBP, diabetes, smoking, and total cholesterol. RESULTS: A total of 1060 (12.1%) study participants fulfilled combined orthostatic hypotension criteria, of these 886 (10.1%) met systolic and 290 (3.3%) diastolic criterion. In the crude analysis, combined orthostatic hypotension criteria were predictive of the composite endpoint, major cardiovascular event, total mortality, and stroke but not MI. After full adjustment, combined orthostatic hypotension criteria and systolic orthostatic hypotension were independently associated with stroke only (hazard ratio: 1.48, 1.07-2.05, P = 0.019, and 1.53, 1.08-2.15, P = 0.015, respectively), whereas the composite endpoint tended in the same direction (hazard ratio: 1.21, 0.98-1.51, P = 0.075, and 1.24, 0.99-1.55, P = 0.066, respectively). In contrast, diastolic orthostatic hypotension was associated with increased risk of MI (hazard ratio: 2.04, 1.20-3.46, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Orthostatic hypotension has a dual role in cardiovascular events among hypertensive patients: SBP fall indicates higher risk of stroke, whereas DBP fall confers higher risk of MI.

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