Key result
A 0-1D multiscale computational model showed that negative intrathoracic pressure from respiration increases vena cavae blood flow rates, with deep breathing improving venous return in adolescents.
Why the study?
The hemodynamic interaction between the human respiratory system and cardiovascular system under respiratory fluctuation needed exploration across different age groups.
A novel 0-1D multiscale computational model successfully simulates the hemodynamic effects of respiratory fluctuations on the cardiovascular system across different age groups.
Should not alter clinical practice; leaves open human validation of respiratory effects on venous return.
To explore hemodynamic interaction between the human respiratory system (RS) and cardiovascular system (CVS), here we propose an integrated computational model to predict the CVS hemodynamics with consideration of the respiratory fluctuation (RF). A submodule of the intrathoracic pressure (ITP) adjustment is developed and incorporated in a 0-1D multiscale hemodynamic model of the CVS specified for infant, adolescent, and adult individuals. The model is verified to enable reasonable estimation of the blood pressure waveforms accounting for the RF-induced pressure fluctuations in comparison with clinical data. The results show that the negative ITP caused by respiration increases the blood flow rates in superior and inferior vena cavae; the deep breathing improves the venous return in adolescents but has less influence on infants. It is found that a marked reduction in ITP under pathological conditions can excessively increase the flow rates in cavae independent of the individual ages, which may cause the hemodynamic instability and hence increase the risk of heart failure. Our results indicate that the present 0-1D multiscale CVS model incorporated with the RF effect is capable of providing a useful and effective tool to explore the physiological and pathological mechanisms in association with cardiopulmonary interactions and their clinical applications.
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Li et al. (2022) studied Hemodynamics. 0-1D multiscale hemodynamic model was evaluated on Blood pressure waveforms and blood flow rates. A 0-1D multiscale computational model showed that negative intrathoracic pressure from respiration increases vena cavae blood flow rates, with deep breathing improving venous return in adolescents.
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