Identification of biomarkers associated with mitochondria and macrophage polarization in acute myocardial infarction: a bioinformatics analysis and validation study

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Screening for differentially expressed genes. (a) Volcano map of differentially expressed genes. Each point in the graph represents a gene, and green and red points represent significantly differentially expressed genes. Red dots indicate that their expression was up-regulated, green dots indicate that their gene expression was down-regulated, and black dots indicate that there was no significant difference between these genes. (b) Heat map of differentially expressed genes. Red dots indicate that their expression was up-regulated, green dots indicate that their gene expression was down-regulated. (c) Scoring of single sample gene set enrichment analysis. (d) Plot of sample-level clustering. (e) Screening of soft thresholds. (f) Diagram of a module’s dynamic shear tree. (g) Heatmap of correlation between modules and phenotypes

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  Fig. 2. Functional analysis of candidate genes. (a) Veen diagram of candidate gene intersections. (b) Gene ontology enriched pathways for candidate genes. (c) Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enriched pathways of candidate genes. (d) Diagram of the protein-protein interaction network. (e) Correlation analysis of candidate genes

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  Fig. 3. Identification of biomarkers. (a) The plots of cross-validated (left) and λ-selection in the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model (right). (b) Receiver operating characteristic curves of biomarkers (GSE61144 dataset). (c) Receiver operating characteristic curves of biomarkers (GSE60993 dataset). (d) Validation of expression in GSE61144 dataset. (e) Validation of expression in GSE60993 dataset. (f) Validation of expression in samples. * represents p-value, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

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  Fig. 4. Results of functional similarity analysis. (a) Results of functional similarity analysis. (b) Results of gene set enrichment analysis for APEX1. (c) Results of gene set enrichment analysis for ECHDC2. (d) Results of gene set enrichment analysis for NME3. (e) Results of gene set enrichment analysis for PUS1

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  Fig. 5. Results of immune infiltration analysis. (a) Abundance map of immune cells. (b) Differential immune cell expression in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and normal samples. (c) Correlation between biomarkers and differentially immune infiltrating cells. * represents p-value, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

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  Fig. 6. Construction of molecular regulatory networks. (a) Diagram of the miRNA-biomarker network. Pink circles indicate four biomarkers and blue squares indicate miRNAs. (b) Diagram of the drug-biomarker network. Grey triangles indicate four biomarkers, purple circles indicate predicted target drugs