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We may conceive of crisis—for our purposes here—as a situation in which the actor faces the necessity of making an appropriate choice of action in order to avoid or minimize severe punishment. In this context, the function of communication is to enable the actor to make choices by providing him with information.1 He has received information when his perception of the number or the relative value of available choices is changed.
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Harry B. Williams (1957) studied this question.
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