Key result
Lower LDL subclass particle concentrations linked to atherosclerosis-free coronaries in long-term type 1 diabetes survivors.
Why the study?
CAD risk is increased in type 1 diabetes due to accelerated atherosclerosis, but some individuals remain free of CAD after decades, with potential lipoprotein abnormalities remaining unraveled.
Do lower levels of LDL particles associate with coronary arteries free from atherosclerosis in patients with long-term type 1 diabetes?
Cross-Sectional (n=163)
No
Do lower levels of LDL particles associate with coronary arteries free from atherosclerosis in patients with long-term type 1 diabetes?
p-value: p=<0.05
In long-term survivors of type 1 diabetes, lower levels of all LDL particle subclasses are significantly associated with coronary arteries free from atherosclerosis, independent of statin use.
May inform LDL particle assessment in long-term type 1 diabetes; leaves open causal role and clinical utility.
BACKGROUND: The risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD) is increased in type 1 diabetes, due to accelerated atherosclerosis. The molecular mechanisms are yet to be unraveled, but potential functional and quantitative abnormalities in lipoproteins are suggested to be involved. Some individuals have coronary arteries free from atherosclerosis even after living with type 1 diabetes for many decades. We therefore aimed to investigate the associations between a set of lipoproteins and metabolites and the presence of coronary arteries free from atherosclerosis in individuals with long-term type 1 diabetes. METHODS: Cross-sectional, controlled study of 102 participants with type 1 diabetes and 61 control subjects. We used a high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy platform to quantify circulating lipids and metabolites in serum. In participants without previously established coronary heart disease (CHD) we performed computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA). RESULTS: In the diabetes group, mean age was 62 (7) [mean (standard deviation, SD)] year and diabetes duration 50.6 (4.9) years. Lower particle concentration of all LDL subclass particles associated significantly with higher odds of having coronary arteries free from atherosclerosis (p < 0.05). Low particle concentration of all LDL subclasses also associated significantly with normal Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) score (p < 0.05 for all), after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, eGFR and statin treatment. The whole diabetes group, independent of presence of CAD, had significantly lower particle concentration of IDL and all LDL and VLDL subclass particles compared to the control group (p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of long-term survivors of type 1 diabetes, lower levels of all types of LDL particles associated significantly with higher odds of having coronary arteries free from atherosclerosis, after adjustment for statin treatment. These results emphasize the importance of early treatment start and lipid management in the development of CAD in type 1 diabetes and suggest a subgroup of long-term survivors of type 1 diabetes to may hold environmental or genetic protective beneficial traits, independent of statin use. More research on the role of lipoproteins in the development of atherosclerosis in patients with type 1 diabetes is needed.
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Narum et al. (2025) conducted a cross-sectional in Type 1 diabetes (n=163). Low LDL particle levels vs. Higher LDL particle levels / Controls without diabetes was evaluated on Presence of coronary arteries free from atherosclerosis (p=<0.05). In long-term survivors of type 1 diabetes, lower particle concentrations of all LDL subclasses were significantly associated with higher odds of having coronary arteries free from atherosclerosis.
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