Sustaining processor performance growth is challenged by physical limitations due to increased power and heat dissipations. Power and thermal management techniques combined with inherent workload dynamics create the spatiotemporal variations of power, temperature, and degradation in processors. As industry moves to smaller feature sizes, the performance will become increasingly dominated by the physics. The challenge is in understanding how the physics is manifested at the microarchitecture level. This requires the modeling and simulation environment that can capture multiple, distinct physical phenomena and their concurrent impact on the microarchitecture.
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Song et al. (2014) studied this question.
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