Genital Malignancies in Adolescence

Adolescent gynecological malignancies are rare but often aggressive, with delayed diagnosis contributing to poorer outcomes. Ovarian tumors are the most common among these, primarily germ cell and sex cord-stromal tumors, often presenting with nonspecific symptoms such as abdominal pain, menstrual irregularities, or a palpable mass. Nongenital cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, and central nervous system tumors are also seen in this age group. With the rising prevalence of obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome, even rare uterine malignancies should be considered in young girls with persistent heavy bleeding. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiation therapies, all of which may threaten future fertility. Therefore, guidelines recommend early counseling on fertility preservation. A coordinated, holistic treatment plan by gynecologic oncologists, pediatricians, and fertility experts is crucial to ensure optimal outcomes while safeguarding reproductive potential.