The term “intelligence” is frequently used to refer to a general intellectual competence and is usually measured by tests of language and logic skills. In response, Howard Gardner and David Feldman have stressed the variety of human abilities and the numerous ways in which those abilities can be expressed. They call for a consideration of a wide range of competences in both definitions as well as tests of intelligence. Further, they point out that many competences cannot be adequately surveyed on standard paper and pencil tests. Therefore, they have advocated developing new means of assessment to examine natural performances in specific domains. Project Spectrum is designed to address these issues.
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Hatch et al. (1986) studied this question.