Martti Hario, Mikael Kilpi, Karl Selin, Parental Investment by the Sexes in the Herring Gull: The Use of Energy Reserves during Early Breeding, Ornis Scandinavica (Scandinavian Journal of Ornithology), Vol. 22, No. 4 (Oct. - Dec., 1991), pp. 308-312
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Hario et al. (1991) studied this question.
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