Karen L. Wiebe, Gary R. Bortolotti, Brood Patches of American Kestrels: An Ecological and Evolutionary Perspective, Ornis Scandinavica (Scandinavian Journal of Ornithology), Vol. 24, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1993), pp. 197-204
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Wiebe et al. (1993) studied this question.
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