Allan Carlson, Juan Moreno, Rauno V. Alatalo, Winter Metabolism of Coniferous Forest Tits (Paridae) under Arctic Conditions: A Study with Doubly Labeled Water, Ornis Scandinavica (Scandinavian Journal of Ornithology), Vol. 24, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 1993), pp. 161-164
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Carlson et al. (1993) studied this question.
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