The Groningen electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy: a sex-specific analysis

Figures

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  Figure 1. Flowchart of the study population. Al individuals of the UK Biobank CMR substudy with available 12-lead ECG data were included in this study. Individuals with another ethnicity than Caucasian, poor ECG quality or with a history of cardiac disease were excluded from analyses. After exclusion, data of 1670 men and 1962 women was available for analyses. AF Atrial fibrillation, BBB bundle branch block, CMR cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, ECG electrocardiogram, LVH left ventricular hypertrophy, PM pacemaker, WPW Wolff-Parkinson-White.

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  Figure 2. Heatmap of the correlation of Q, R and S waves with LVMi in the training cohort. Correlations are displayed separately for men and women and the difference between men and women. The darker the color in the heatmap, the stronger the correlation of Q, R and S waves with LVMi. Correlation coefficients between − 0.05 (yellow in women, light purple in men) and 0.30 (brown in women, dark blue in men) were observed in women and men. In both men and women, R and S waves are more often highly correlated to LVMi than Q waves. QRSd QRS duration.

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  Figure 3. Pseudo R2s (orange square for women, blue round for men) and AUCs (pink triangle for women, green triangle for men) of the generated models including all possible sums of amplitudes in logistic regression analyses on LVH. On the X-axis the number of amplitudes added in each model is displayed. On the left Y-axis, the pseudo R2s of these models in a logistic regression analyses on CMR determined LVH are reported. The right Y-axis displays the concordant AUCs. AUC area under the curve.

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  Figure 4. ROC curves for the existing and new developed ECG-LVH criteria in the training cohort. The different colors are ROC curves for each individual ECH-LVH criteria. The left graph shows the ROC curves in women and the right graph the ROC curves in men. The AUC of the Groningen-LVH criteria showed the largest AUC for both men and women. In parentheses the AUC is displayed. LVH left ventricular hypertrophy.