Dual-band High-gain Octagonal-shaped Patch Antenna for WLAN, sub-6 GHz, and WiMAX Applications

introduction: This paper presents a high-gain compact octagonal-shaped patch antenna with two defective circular slots loaded for WLAN, sub-6 GHz, and WiMAX applications. To achieve high gain and dual-band performance, the antenna is fabricated on FR-4 material (h = 1.6mm, εr = 4.3). The proposed antenna design and parameter simulations have been performed using CST Studio Suite materials and methods: For transmission at higher frequencies, radiating material is used on both sides of the FR-4 substrate in a low-profile planar patch microstrip antenna. Additionally, dual-band operation is achieved through a loading process involving two defective circular slots on the top patch and an octagonal slot on the bottom ground plane. results: The gain of the proposed antenna is found to be 5.27dBi and 5.03dBi for resonating frequencies of f1 = 3.42 GHz and f2 = 5.43 GHz with a reflectivity coefficient of -35.5 dB and -56.5 dB, respectively. The bandwidths of the proposed antenna are 320 MHz for f2 and 105 MHz for f1. All these are suitable for modern wireless applications. discussion: Although retaining a large amount of gain at operating frequencies f1 and f2, the benefits associated with defective circular slots on the patch and octagonal slots on the ground plane show improvement in the reflection coefficients, radiation characteristics, and impedance matching. The radiation characteristics are inspected in the anechoic chamber, and, for validation, a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) test is conducted on the manufactured prototype. However, a considerable correlation has been developed between the simulation outcomes and the manufactured prototype. The proposed antenna exhibits good radiation performance across the operating frequency bands. conclusion: This proposed antenna, with high gain, reflection coefficient, and dual-band capabilities, exhibits excellent dual-band characteristics. The results confirm that it is suitable for WLAN, WiMAX, and deployment in modern 5G telecommunication systems.