Shift Work and Cardiovascular Health in Older Workers

Shift work, which encompasses irregular and nocturnal schedules, affects approximately 30% of the workforce in Western countries. Prolonged exposure disrupts circadian rhythms and generates chronodisruption, increasing the risk of hypertension (HTN), myocardial infarction, and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). These effects are exacerbated by age, unhealthy lifestyles, and occupational psychosocial factors. Understanding this phenomenon is fundamental to protecting the cardiovascular health of older workers. The objective is to analyze the available scientific evidence regarding the effect of shift work on health, risks, and incidence of CVDs in older workers. This review was registered in PROSPERO. A PICO question was formulated to evaluate the effects of shift work on older workers. Articles published between 2020 and 2025 were searched in international databases, applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the STROBE guideline, and the main findings, limitations, and conclusions were presented in summary tables. Shift work, particularly prolonged night shifts, increases the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in older workers. Higher rates of HTN, obesity, and dyslipidemia were reported, with variations according to sex and occupation type. Furthermore, high job demands alter blood pressure patterns and reduce physical activity. Flexible working conditions and psychosocial support mitigate the negative effects on cardiovascular health. We conclude that systematic exposure to shift work, particularly night shifts, disrupts circadian rhythms and contributes to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in older workers. The evidence underscores the importance of organizational adjustments and work conditions tailored to the aging process.