Nomogram-based survival predictions of patients with soft tissue cancer including heart in the United States

Introduction This study aimed to assess the effects of cancer treatment on sarcoma types and to predict overall survival probabilities using nomograms. Methods This study uses the SEER-18 database, Version 2020, sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The study cohort included participants diagnosed between 2000 and 2018 with soft tissue cancers including heart. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was applied to predict mortality rate, and nomograms were used to predict overall survival probability. Results The median survival time for 24,849 study participants was 48 months (IQR: 19-102) with Spindle Cell Sarcoma (ScS) having a shorter median survival time compared with Liposarcoma (LiS). A significant number of STS patients had surgery, where surgery on ScS improved survival by 75% (HR: 0.25, 95%CI: 0.19-0.32, p<0.001) and those who received radiation had a 26% improvement (HR: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.61-0.89, p=0.001). Furthermore, chemotherapy on GcS resulted in a 40% reduction in mortality for patients compared to those who did not receive chemotherapy (HR 0.60, 95%CI:0.45-0.80, p<0.001). Based on nomogram, after two, five, and ten years, a patient who received surgery on their primary sites would have a survival rate of approximately 90 percent. In contrast, a patient who did not receive surgery on their primary sites would only live for 20 percent or less. Patients with MyS have a 90% chance of surviving for 5 and 10 years after surgery, but only 22% and 10% without surgery. Conclusions Based on the results of this study, surgical and radiation intervention on sarcomas was associated with improved survival in patients with STS, while chemotherapy and primary systemic therapy had contradictory effects.