Defense Expenditures, External Public Debt and Growth in Developing Countries

Abstract This study reexamines the relationship between growth and defense spending in developing countries. It differs from previous studies as it recognizes differences in the borrowing capacity of each country. We hypothesize that a negative relationship will exist between defense and economic growth in countries which are financially resource constrained, and a positive relationship will exist in countries which are relatively resource unconstrained. A factor and discriminate analysis are used to group countries. The variables chosen for the factor analysis depict a country's external debt, structural condition, growth, and balance of payments position. Regression equations were estimated for the total sample and each group, with the growth in Gross Domestic Product as the dependent variable. The results confirm the hypothesized positive relationship between defense and growth in the unconstrained group, but was not confirmed for the constrained group. The results suggest the importance of variables such as foreign ex change, net inflows of capital, external debt, and the growth of the public sector in general, on economic growth.