The city, it is sometimes said, is the true home of citizenship. I suggest in this essay that it would be more accurate to say that the city can be the true home of citizenship, for many of our cities today discourage their residents from practicing the citizen's vocation. This is because citizenship depends upon civic memory, and the conditions which prevail in our metropolises-their overwhelming size, their political fragmentation, and the mobility of their people-are hostile to this memory. If we wish to encourage active citizenship, therefore, we should consider the reformation and redirection of our cities.
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Richard Dagger (1981) studied this question.
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