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September 28, 2007

Alcohol, Blood Pressure and Hypertension

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Key result

Chronic intake of ≥30-60 g of alcohol per day causes blood pressure elevation, with each 10 g/day above 30 g increasing systolic BP by 1-2 mmHg and diastolic BP by 1 mmHg.

Why the study?

Does alcohol intake affect blood pressure in men and women?

Population

Men and women (general population and heavy drinkers)

Design

Review

Authors

UKUlrich KeilUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillALAngela D. LieseUniversity of South CarolinaBFBirgit FilipiakLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München

Discussion

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Implication

Supports alcohol restriction for BP lowering; extends dose-response data but leaves causality and thresholds open for RCTs.

Key Points

  • To evaluate thirty years of epidemiological and experimental evidence investigating the causal relationship between alcohol consumption, blood pressure elevation, and hypertension.
  • Synthesized findings from 30 years of cross-sectional studies, prospective cohort studies, and intervention trials.
  • Evaluated potential confounding, bias, dose-response relationships, and blood pressure changes following alcohol reduction or abstinence.
  • Chronic alcohol intake of ≥30–60 g per day shows a verified causal association with elevated blood pressure in both men and women.
  • Above a threshold of 30 g/day, every 10 g/day increase in alcohol consumption elevates systolic blood pressure by 1–2 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 1 mmHg on average.
  • Intervention studies demonstrate a consistent, clinically valuable decrease in blood pressure when heavy drinkers abstain from or restrict alcohol consumption.

Structured PICO

Does alcohol intake affect blood pressure in men and women?

P
Population
Men and women (general population and heavy drinkers)
I
Intervention
Chronic intake of ≥ 30-60 g alcohol per day, or abstaining/restricting alcohol intake
O
Outcome
Blood pressure elevation or decreasesurrogate

Chronic intake of ≥ 30-60 g alcohol per day causes blood pressure elevation, and abstaining or restricting intake decreases blood pressure.

Limitations

  • Validity of measurement of alcohol intake
  • Shape of the alcohol-blood pressure relationship
  • Threshold dose for hypertension
  • Plausible pathophysiological mechanisms have not yet been answered satisfactorily
  • Validity of measurement of alcohol intake not answered satisfactorily
  • Shape of the alcohol-blood pressure relationship not answered satisfactorily
  • Threshold dose for hypertension not answered satisfactorily

Cite This Study

Keil et al. (2007) conducted a review in Hypertension. Alcohol intake vs. Abstinence or restricted intake was evaluated on Blood pressure elevation. Chronic intake of ≥30-60 g of alcohol per day causes blood pressure elevation, with each 10 g/day above 30 g increasing systolic BP by 1-2 mmHg and diastolic BP by 1 mmHg.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a1c223301af05bf0da91ab9https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470515549.ch9

Topics

Hypertension management
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Also Consider

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  1. 1SEX AND AGE INTERACTIONS IN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ALCOHOL AND BLOOD PRESSURE1988 · 31 citations
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