Key result
Age-related FMD decline accelerates faster in females than males, with sex modifying CV risk impacts.
Why the study?
Brachial artery FMD predicts cardiovascular disease risk, but age- and sex-specific reference intervals in healthy individuals and its relation with CVD risk factors needed to be established.
What are the age- and sex-specific reference intervals for brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and how does it relate to cardiovascular risk factors?
Observational (n=5,362)
Yes
What are the age- and sex-specific reference intervals for brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and how does it relate to cardiovascular risk factors?
This study establishes age- and sex-specific reference intervals for brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, demonstrating that sex alters the age-related decline in FMD and its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors.
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Age- and sex-specific FMD norms may refine endothelial assessment; leaves open utility for CVD risk prediction or therapy guidance.
Holder et al. (2021) conducted an observational in Healthy individuals and individuals with cardiovascular risk factors (n=5,362). Age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors vs. Healthy age- and sex-matched individuals was evaluated on Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Healthy males demonstrated a negative curvilinear relation between flow-mediated dilation and age, whereas females showed a negative linear relation that started higher but declined faster, with sex also modifying the impact of cardiovascular risk factors.
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