What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Systematic Review. Population: Pulmonary arterial hypertension. Primary outcome: Population-based prevalence, incidence, and 1-year survival of PAH.

What does this research mean for the field?

The global prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension ranges from 0.37 to 15 cases per 100,000 persons, with a 1-year survival rate ranging from 67% to 99% and consistently higher prevalence and incidence in females. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

December 15, 2021Open Access

Prevalence, incidence, and survival of pulmonary arterial hypertension: A systematic review for the global burden of disease 2020 study

Key Result

A systematic review of 65 articles found pulmonary arterial hypertension prevalence ranged from 0.37 to 15 cases/100,000 persons and 1-year survival ranged from 67% to 99%.

Study Design

Type

Systematic Review

Multicenter

Yes

Structured PICO

Population

65 articles with population-level data reporting on clinically diagnosed pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)

Outcome

Population-based prevalence, incidence, and 1-year survival of PAH

PAH prevalence, incidence, and mortality vary widely by location and study, highlighting the need for harmonized methods in PAH registries for better global disease surveillance.

Limitations

Studies varied in their size, study design, diagnostic criteria, and sampling procedures.

Abstract

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by increased resistance in the pulmonary arterioles as a result of remodeled blood vessels. We sought all available epidemiologic data on population-based prevalence, incidence, and 1-year survival of PAH as part of the Global Burden of Disease Study. We performed a systematic review searching Global Index Medicus (GIM) for keywords related to PAH between 1980 and 2021 and identified population-representative sources of prevalence, incidence, and mortality for clinically diagnosed PAH. Of 6772 articles identified we found 65 with population-level data: 17 for prevalence, 17 for incidence, and 58 reporting case fatality. Reported prevalence ranged from 0.37 cases/100,000 persons in a referral center of French children to 15 cases/100,000 persons in an Australian study. Reported incidence ranged from 0.008 cases/100,000 person-years in Finland, to 1.4 cases/100,000 person-years in a retrospective chart review at a clinic in Utah, United States. Reported 1-year survival ranged from 67% to 99%. All studies with sex-specific estimates of prevalence or incidence reported higher levels in females than males. Studies varied in their size, study design, diagnostic criteria, and sampling procedures. Reported PAH prevalence, incidence, and mortality varied by location and study. Prevalence ranged from 0.4 to 1.4 per 100,000 persons. Harmonization of methods for PAH registries would improve efforts at disease surveillance. Results of this search contribute to ongoing efforts to quantify the global burden of PAH.