Molecular changes in atrial fibrillation, including reduced L-type Ca(2+) channel function, protect myocytes from cellular stress but promote the long-term maintenance of the arrhythmia.
This review highlights that the electrophysiological remodeling in atrial fibrillation, while initially protective against calcium overload, ultimately promotes the maintenance of the arrhythmia.
An important acknowledgement of the last several years is that atrial fibrillation (AF) modifies the electrical properties of the atrium in a way that promotes its occurrence and maintenance. This arrhythmogenic electrophysiological remodeling is well established, but can not explain by itself that 'AF begets AF'. This review describes molecular changes involving rapid functional alterations and slower changes in protein expression that cause electrical remodeling and contractile dysfunction in AF. An important molecular feature of AF is the reduction in L-type Ca(2+) channel function and protein expression. This reduction may serve to protect the cell against a potentially lethal Ca(2+) overload resulting from the increased activation rate in AF. Further, the review discusses the possible role of proteolytic systems, notably the calpains, as a mechanism linking Ca(2+) overload to reduced protein expression. Thus, it appears that the elaborate molecular changes in AF are directed primarily at protecting the myocyte from cellular stress. However, such early protection occurs at the expense of electrophysiological changes that promote the long-term maintenance of AF.
B Brundel (Wed,) conducted a review in Atrial fibrillation. Molecular changes in atrial fibrillation, including reduced L-type Ca(2+) channel function, protect myocytes from cellular stress but promote the long-term maintenance of the arrhythmia.