Global burden of atrial fibrillation attributable to high body mass index from 1990 to 2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Global burden of high BMI-related AF among 204 countries and territories in 2021. A Death number and B ASDR of AF to high BMI; C DALYs and ASRDALYs of AF related to high BMI. Abbreviations: high BMI: high body mass index; AF: atrial fibrillation; DALYs: disability-adjusted life years; ASDR: age-standardized death rate; ASRDLAYs: age-standardized rate of disability-adjusted life years

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  Fig. 2. Temporal trends of age-standardized AF burden attributable to APMP2.5 in territories with low to high SDIs from 1990 to 2021. A, B ASDR and ASRDALYs of AF; C, D ASDR and ASRDALYs of AF related to high BMI in females; E, F ASDR and ASRDALYs of AF related to high BMI in males. Abbreviations: AF: atrial fibrillation; high BMI: high body mass index; SDI: sociodemographic index; ASDR: age-standardized death rate; ASRDLAYs: age-standardized rate of disability-adjusted life years

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  Fig. 3. EAPC of ASDR and ASRDALYs attributable to high BMI-related AF from 1990 to 2021. A, B EAPC of ASDR and ASRDALYs in different SDI quintiles and regions C, D EAPC of ASDR and ASRDALYs in 204 countries and territories. Abbreviations: EAPC: estimated annual percentage change; AF: atrial fibrillation; high BMI: high body mass index; ASDR: age-standardized death rate; ASRDLAYs: age-standardized rate of disability adjusted life years

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  Fig. 4. Sex differences and trends in high BMI -related AF in different regions from 1990 to 2021. A The ASDR trends with low to high SDIs in female and male, respectively; B Male-to-female ratios of ASDR in five SDI regions. C, D EAPC of ASDR in 204 countries and territories in female and male. Abbreviations: high BMI: high body mass index; AF: atrial fibrillation; SDI: sociodemographic index; EAPC: estimated annual percentage change; ASDR: age-standardized death rate

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  Fig. 5. AF burden attributable to high BMI and the trends by age groups in different regions. A The ASDR changes in each age group (30–95 + years, 5-year intervals) in SDI quintiles; B, C The trends of deaths in each age group from 1990 to 2021 with high to low SDI regions; D The three age groups as proportions of total deaths globally. Abbreviations: high BMI: high body mass index; AF: atrial fibrillation; ASDR: age-standardized death rate; SDI: sociodemographic index