Comparative outcomes of xenogeneic collagen matrices and autogenous graft-based techniques to increase mucosal thickness and keratinised mucosa width at implant sites: are autologous grafts still the gold standard? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials

=0.0006). RCTs on XCMs vs. CTG showed moderate risk of bias, while those on XCM* vs. FGG showed low risk. XCM* is less effective than CTG for increasing MT at buccal implant sites, and less effective than FGG for increasing buccal KMW. No statistical difference was found between VCMX and CTG for MT augmentation. Trial Registration: PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42023495454.