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January 1, 2009The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

The percentage change of the ratio of LF to HF was significantly different among the four groups (p < 0.001), with negative changes in the music, aroma, and combined groups compared to an increase in the control group.

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Why the study?

Does listening to soft music or inhaling Citrus bergamia essential oil improve cardiac autonomic balance in healthy individuals?

Population

114 healthy undergraduate students at a university located in south Taiwan

Comparison

Listening to preselected soft music for 15… vs Control group

Design

RCT, randomly allocated to one of four study groups, open-label

Follow-up

15 minutes

Authors

SPShu-Ming PengMKMalcolm KooZYZer‐Ran Yu

Discussion

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Overview

Offers simple nonpharmacologic options to shift autonomic balance in healthy adults; extends RCT evidence on music and aromatherapy for HRV.

Structured PICO

Does listening to soft music or inhaling Citrus bergamia essential oil improve cardiac autonomic balance in healthy individuals?

P
Population
114 healthy undergraduate students at a university located in south Taiwan
I
Intervention
Listening to preselected soft music for 15 minutes, inhaling Citrus bergamia essential oil vapor generated from an ultrasonic atomizer for 15 minutes, or a combination of both
C
Comparator
Control group
O
Outcome
Heart rate variability (HRV) indices (low frequency and high frequency components) measured before and after the interventionsurrogate

Listening to soft music or inhaling Citrus bergamia essential oil for 15 minutes shifts autonomic balance toward parasympathetic activity in healthy young individuals.

Cite This Study

Peng et al. (2009) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a1cccf66552df3dce1da36fhttps://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2008.0243
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Effects of Aroma Essential Oil Inhalation on Autonomic Nerve System Response, Electroencephalogram and Concentration2021 · 2 citations
  2. 2Relaxing effects of music and odors on physiological recovery after cognitive stress and unexpected absence of multisensory benefit2023 · 30 citations
  3. 3Effect of Preferential Relaxing Music on Exercise-Induced Changes in Autonomic Function of the Heart2023
  4. 4Human heart rate variability under the influence of aromatherapy with sweet orange and pine oils2023
  5. 5Effects of Music Therapy on the Cardiovascular and Autonomic Nervous System in Stress-Induced University Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial2015 · 71 citations