Key result
Citrus aurantium oil reduces anxiety and boosts parasympathetic activation, while rose water only increases activation.
Why the study?
Although autonomic modulation by aromatherapy has been previously reported, the relationship between heart rate variability changes and effects on feeling required assessment.
Does aromatherapy with citrus aurantium oil or rose water improve heart rate variability and feelings in healthy subjects?
Does aromatherapy with citrus aurantium oil or rose water improve heart rate variability and feelings in healthy subjects?
Aromatherapy with citrus aurantium oil modulates autonomic tone and improves feelings, whereas rose water affects autonomic tone without changing subjective feelings.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Does not support aromatherapy for anxiety or HRV in practice; leaves open effects in clinical populations.
(1) Background: There have been previous reports of autonomic modulation by aromatherapy. In this study, we recorded heart rate variability (HRV) to assess its relationship with the effects on feeling. (2) Methods: Twenty-three healthy subjects, who were blind to the aroma type, were exposed to citrus aurantium oil (CAO) or rose water (RW) aroma for 5 min using a diffuser situated in a room. Electrocardiographic data were measured continuously using a wireless device attached to the chest. R-R intervals were used to calculate HRV scores, including high-frequency (HF) variation, low-frequency (LF) variation, LF/HF ratios, the coefficient of variation in R-R (CVRR), and heart rate. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate disfavor, fatigue, anxiety, tension, and somnolence at the end of the treatment. (3) Results: CAO significantly reduced disfavor, anxiety, and tension, while RW did not affect VAS scores. HF scores were high during the treatment with both CAO and RW, indicating parasympathetic activation. Treatment with CAO was also accompanied by an increase in LF and the CVRR, whereas treatment with RW was not. HF scores during CAO treatment were negatively correlated with somnolence. No relationships between VAS scores and HRV scores were observed in the RW treatment. (4) Conclusions: In CAO treatment, parasympathetic activation is related to feeling. RW, on the other hand, exerts its autonomic effects without changes in feeling. These results suggest that autonomic modulation by rose water may not depend on the generated feelings, suggesting the usefulness of HRV monitoring in aromatherapy.
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Shinba et al. (2025) studied Healthy (n=23). Citrus aurantium oil (CAO) vs. Rose water (RW) was evaluated on Heart rate variability (HRV) scores and visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Citrus aurantium oil reduced disfavor, anxiety, and tension and increased parasympathetic activation, whereas rose water increased parasympathetic activation without altering feelings.
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