Current understanding of diagnosis, treatment and predictors of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma progression

Papillary Microcarcinoma of the Thyroid Gland (PMTC) is the most common type of malignant thyroid neoplasm, characterized by its small size and generally favorable prognosis. The increased detection rate of PMTC is associated with advancements in high-precision diagnostic methods such as ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Diagnostic approaches include the use of the EU-TIRADS and Bethesda systems for risk assessment, as well as the analysis of molecular markers, such as BRAF gene mutations and promising studies on the role of microRNAs in predicting tumor progression. Optimal management of patients with PMTC requires an individualized therapeutic approach due to differences in disease progression. This article analyzes current diagnostic and treatment methods for PMTC, including the use of molecular-genetic markers, minimally invasive technologies, and active surveillance strategies, with an emphasis on a personalized approach to prognosis and therapy.