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The controlled nitrogen doping of group IVB metal oxide nanoparticles is achieved by a reliable wet-chemical procedure to yield the structures shown in the figure. The resulting nanoparticles show visible-light activity and enhanced photocatalytic properties that can be attributed to the introduction of oxygen vacancies, additional nitrogen states, and defects in the metal oxide lattice.
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Qiu et al. (2007) studied this question.
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