September 11, 2021CureusOpen Access

Role of Gender on the Outcomes of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Following Primary Coronary Angioplasty

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Why the study?

Given the considerable differences in CAD prevalence and risk factors between sexes, this study aimed to assess baseline characteristics and outcomes of CAD patients according to gender.

Does female gender affect clinical outcomes and baseline characteristics in patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI compared to male gender?

Structured PICO

Does female gender affect clinical outcomes and baseline characteristics in patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI compared to male gender?

Population

557 consecutive patients diagnosed with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), mean age 59.37 years (men) and 64.07 years (women), 78.4% male, based in a single center in Shiraz, Iran. Key exclusions: history of previous MI, previous PCI, or incomplete records.

Intervention

Female gender (observational comparison of gender differences)

Comparator

Male gender

Outcome

PCI-related outcomes including procedure-related death, need for CABG within 30 days, and length of hospital stayhard clinical

In patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI, women present at an older age and with more valvular regurgitation than men, but gender is not an independent predictor of PCI-related death, need for CABG, or length of hospital stay.

Limitations

Retrospective design
Detailed demographics (BMI, previous history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, pack-year index) were not available for the whole population

Implication

Adjusted analyses show no independent gender effect on PCI outcomes in STEMI; leaves open whether baseline differences drive observed disparities.

Abstract

Background There are considerable differences in the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its cardiovascular risk factors between men and women. Due to the significance of gender as a factor that potentially affects cardiovascular disorders and patient outcomes, the present study aimed to assess the baseline characteristics and outcomes of CAD patients in terms of gender distribution. Methods All consecutive patients diagnosed with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) who had undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the previous two years in a comprehensive cardiology center were included. Data were retrospectively collected from the hospital record files. Color Doppler echocardiography, valvular involvement, and the type of coronary vessel involvement were also evaluated. Results In total, 557 consecutive patients (437 men and 120 women) were included with a mean age of 59.37 ± 26.23 years and 64.07 ± 11.60 years for men and women, respectively (p = 0.004). The prevalence of mitral regurgitation (MR) and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was significantly higher among women than men. Conclusion Female patients who suffered from CAD and underwent PCI were older than men. Also, ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) were more prevalent among women, while smoking was more prevalent among men.