Population
Conscious dogs instrumented to determine left ventricular volume from ultrasonic internal dimensions and…
Comparison
Estimation of left ventricular end systolic… vs EES determined from variably loaded left…
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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Single-beat EES tracks contractility changes in conscious dogs; extends validation of noninvasive assessment but leaves clinical translation open.
EES calculated from a single beat provides a reasonable method to estimate left ventricular contractility without altering preload or afterload in conscious dogs.
Nakamoto et al. (1993) studied this question.
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